CYBERBULLYING AND DIGITAL HARASSMENT:IS MALAYSIA’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK ADEQUATE?
- Feb 10
- 1 min read
Abstract
This paper examines the adequacy of Malaysia’s current legal framework in addressing the growing threat of cyberbullying and digital harassment. With the rapid development of digital platforms, online abuse has become more widespread and complex, often targeting vulnerable groups such as teenagers and young adults. Despite having laws such as the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998, the Penal Code, and the Computer Crimes Act 1997, Malaysia lacks a specific statute that clearly defines and criminalises cyberbullying. The ambiguity of legal definitions and outdated provisions makes it difficult for authorities to enforce the law effectively, leaving victims with limited protection and support. This study highlights the psychological and social consequences of online abuse, including anxiety, depression, and even suicide, using local cases to show the severity of the issue. It also compares Malaysia’s approach with more advanced legal systems in the United Kingdom and Singapore, which offer clearer definitions, stronger enforcement mechanisms, and victim-centred protections. The authors recommend that Malaysia introduce specific legislation to criminalise cyberbullying, refine vague terms in existing laws, and strengthen enforcement capabilities through digital forensics, trauma-informed care, and integrated reporting systems. A balanced approach that respects freedom of expression while protecting digital users is necessary to ensure a safer online environment. The paper concludes that without urgent and comprehensive reform, Malaysia’s legal system will continue to fall short in addressing the realities of modern online abuse.
Umiera Putri Binti Mohd Rabi, Universiti Utara Malaysia
Elina Sofea Binti Fairus Farid, Universiti Utara Malaysia
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